05 第2课-说和写英文的时候,如何避免犯时态错误(60分钟) 1月2号 周三! 节3,4,5是跳着看的,没有细看,只是做了造句练习,并且改错!消耗了4个小时
- ナイバーの英語教室
- 2019-01-02
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01 唯库学习使用指南(1分钟)
02 先导课-课程及学习方法介绍(11分钟)
03 第1课(上)-英语简单句的造句法则和基本语法概念(45分钟)
04 第1课(下)-英语简单句的造句法则和基本语法概念(39分钟)
05 第2课-说和写英文的时候,如何避免犯时态错误(60分钟)
06 第3课-英文造句的被动结构(28分钟)
07 第4课-被动语态的重点难点(30分钟)
08 第5课-最简单的长句——并列句(32分钟)
09 第6课-把句子套进另一个句子里,变身“大名词”(22分钟)
10 第7课-把一个句子连接到另一个句子上,变身“大副词”(45分钟)
11 第8课-定语从句不一定真的是定语,而是并列句的马甲(49分钟)
12 第9课-英文长句子的简化方法(49分钟)
13 第10课-如何构建长难句的主语和宾语(25分钟)
14 第11课-如何正确使用不定式短语(27分钟)
15 第12课-条件状语从句和虚拟语气(31分钟)
16 第13课-如何运用好比较结构(20分钟)
17 第14课-如何写好倒装句和强调句(16分钟)
18 第15课-介词省略句型(5分钟)
https://www.yojiang.cn/l/s/57

中午跑单了2小时, 因为老师4点下班 , 路上处理了作业。
晚饭吃饱了, 计划100分钟跑单+吃饭, 结果多用了30+ 40+40
21,22,23,3个小时吃饭+工作 , 跑单到了120元!
Rosetta stone 石头学习了2个课文! 19点, 20点,共计2个小时!
日语老师, 电话了马亮, 明天给他女神改论文 , 4号可 联系他 ! 进入我的课程讲解!!
然后300元,给了 王叔叔!
处理好的 英语的学习的时态的问题,
学习时态的难点和原因!
汉语和英语的语言结构有本质的不同。
汉语里的谓语动词是不会变化的。
// 我昨天在一家很棒的餐厅吃饭。 ---- 我昨天吃饭,现在吃饭,将来吃饭。
什么叫做谓语, ---- 就是表达主语状态的动词部分!
时态 # 时间状态 # time
现在, 过去, 将来!
she walks to school.
she walked to school.
she will walk to school.
现在时, 一般表示常态。
谓语 动词的状态分为4种,
1,一般 simple , 强调动作发生的时间,而非状态。
比如说, i play basketball 我打篮球
2, 进行 continuous , 强调动作的过程, (描绘, 生动性)
比如说, i am playing basketball. 我正在打篮球。
3, 完成 perfect , 强调动作的结果 (逻辑推导性)
i have played basketball . 我打完篮球了。
4,完成进行 perfect continuous. : 强调动作的结果和过程。
i have been playing basketball. 我一直都有打篮球。
====================================================
chapter 1 , 一般态
一般现在时, 我学习呢
一般过去时, 我以前学习过
一般将来时, 我将来会学习的
chapter 2、 进行态
现在进行时, 现在我正在学习。
过去进行时, 昨天我正在学习。
将来进行时, 明天我正在学习。
chapter 3,完成态
现在 完成, 我已经学习了。
过去 完成, 昨天我已经学习了。
将来 完成, 明天我已经学习了。
chapter 4,完成 进行态
现在 完成进行, 我已经学习一天了, 还将继续学习下去。
过去 完成进行, 昨天我已经学习一天了,还将继续学习下去。
将来 完成进行, 明天我已经学习一天了,还将继续学习下去。
chapter 5,过去 将来时
过去 将来时
过去 将来进行时
过去 将来完成时
过去 将来完成进行时
=======================
进行: be + 现在分词 (be按照3时及主语人称变化)
完成: have + 过去分词 (have按照3时及, 主语人称变化)
完成进行: have been + 现在分词 (have 按照3时及主语人称变化)
以动词do 为例:
现在 进行: am/is/are doing
过去 进行: was/were doing
将来 进行: will be doing
现在 完成: have / has done
过去 完成: had done
将来 完成: will have done
现在 完成进行: have/has been doing
过去 完成进行: had been doing
将来 完成进行: will have been doing
===== chapter 1 ==== 一般态: 强调动作本身---simple
# 英语中最基本最简单的时态概念, 可能是最常见的时态。
# 一般态 只强调动作发生的时间, 不强调动作的状态,就是它只关心这个动作发生在过去 , 现在, 还是将来!
# 不关心 这件事,有没有做好。
-----
I walk to school 我走路去学校,
这个句子只强调一般情况, 不强调动作的状态是怎么样的。
I'm walking to school。 这个强调的就是动作本身, 我正在路上。
========一般现在时, 分为三种 情况。 Present Simple
----
1, 表示事物现在的状况或情况。 (主系表句型)
i am a doctor。 我是一个医生。
you are an unrepeatable miracle. 你是一个无法重复的奇迹。
2, 表示经常性,习惯性动作 (常常有时间副词修饰)
I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunch time.
// 星期天我是从来不会早起, 有时候我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候。
Winners often seek opportunity when losers want security.
// 失败者寻求安全的时候,成功者寻求机遇。
Do you always get up so late? It's one o'clock !
// 你总是起这么晚吗? 现在已经1点了!
## 注意: 一般 现在时 常常使用表示频率的副词, 如 never, often,always。
3,表示客观真理, 格言。
Time files.
// 时光飞逝
The early bird catches the worm.
//早起的鸟儿有虫吃。
Failure is the mother of success.
// 失败是成功之母
############ 一般过去时, 表示过去的动作, 习惯, 事实, Past Simple
Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside.
// 在上个星期,我起的很晚。 我看看窗外, 一片黑暗。
Last summer, I went to Italy.
// 去年夏天,我去了意大利。
Colubus discovered America in 1492.
// 哥伦布于1492年 发现了美洲。
## 注意: 一般过去时,常常使用过去具体时间的副词, 如yesterday, last week, two years ago, in 1998....
########### 一般将来时 主要是两种情况, Future Simple
表示 将来发生的动作/状态 ,或, 倾向。 (will 翻译为 ·将要·)
He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth.
// 他不久还将要到达尔文去, 从那里, 他再飞到铂斯。
People will run into problems in their lives.
// 人们在生活中总会遇到问题
A small leak will sink a great ship.
// 小裂缝可以沉大船
1, be going to + 动词原形, 也表示将来时, 但多表示‘计划’, 所以 主语多是·人·
will 表示·议员· 时, 主语 是 ·人·。 但也可以表示·预测· , 主语为·物·
Debbie Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow.
//他 准备明天狠毒英吉利海峡。
She is going to set out from the French coast at five o'clock in the morning.
//她打算早上5点从法国海岸出发。
Mr. Thompson is going to sell it because it is haunted.
// 汤普森先生之所以想要卖它, 因为那里闹鬼。
2,be about to + 动词原形 即将.......
He is about to leave for Shenyang.
//他将要离开去沈阳。
造句练习
1, 这家便利店全天24小时营业。
This seven-eleven all day business 24hours
// this convenience store is open 24 hours a day.
2, 我爷爷每天早上都在公园里散步。
My grandfather go for a walk in the park every moring.
// my grandfather takes a walk in the park every morning.
3, 昨天我很无聊, 便和几个朋友看电影去了。
I was boring yesterday, with my friends go to a movie.
//I felt bored yesterday, so i went to the movies with several friends.
4, 他明天将要去纽约。
He will go to NewYork tomorrow.
// He will go to New York tomorrow.
5, 看! 那艘船快要沉了。 (be about to)
Look ! that ship is about to sink。
// Look! The boat is about to sink.
6, 我们马上就要吃午饭了。
We at once eat lunch!
// We are going to have lunch soon.
7, 太阳东升西落。
The sun rises in east , drop down in west.
// The sun rise in the east and sets in the west.
8, 我每周去两次健身房。
I go gym twice every week.
// I go to the gym twice a week.
9, 我昨天早上在图书管看到他。
I meet him at library yesterday moring .
// I saw him in the library yesterday morning.
10, 我准备学习计算机科学。
I will learn computer science.
// I am going to learn the computer science.
############## Chapter 2, 进行态: 强调动作的过程 . continuous
在英语中,按照动作发生的时间长短,动词分成了延续性动词和瞬间动词
结婚是一个瞬间动词,交换仪式之后,就是结婚了。
所以不能说 They were marrying last week.
只能说 They married last week.
########### 现在进行时 ########## present continuous tense
1 , 表示正在做的动作,此时 be 动词翻译为 正在。
He is playing basketball. 他正在打篮球
It's raining heavily now . 现在正在下大雨。
主系表句型在口语中通常用一般现在时,但如果要强调此时的状态,可以用现在进行时。
You are very rude ! ---> You are being very rude!
你太粗鲁了! (你现在的行为粗鲁,而不是你这个人粗鲁)
2,表示即将发生的动作(通常是表示·位移短暂动词 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, die, take)此时 be 动词翻译为 ·即将·
“A new play is coming to" The Globe soon," I said. "Will you be seeing it?"一出新剧要来‘环球剧场’上演了,“我说,”您去看吗?“
’We are going back now,' said the conductor. "我们现在要返回去,"售票员说。
##### 过去进行时 ########## . past continuous tense
表示过去某时正在做的事情
A man was lying in the box during the flight . 那个航班上,有一个人正躺在箱子里。
I was having dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in. 我正在一家饭馆吃饭,托尼斯蒂尔走了进来。
##### 将来进行时 ########## future continuous tense
表示将来某时将进行的动作。
They will be arriving here tomorrow. 他们明天就要到达此地
Tomorrow evening the will be singing at the Workers' Club. 明晚他们将在工人俱乐部演出
The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days. “绿林少年” 准备在此逗留5天
They will be trying to keep order. 他们将设法维持秩序
The shuttle Endeavour will be taking the astronauts to the Hubble.奋进号航天飞机将把宇航员送上哈勃
进行态,其实就是一般态的生动模式。任何一个进行态的句子,都可以改成一般态。一般态却不一定能改成进行态,比如动词是延续动词才能改。
I looked out of the window . 可以改成 I was looking out of the window.
I never get up early on Sundays. 却不能改成 I was never getting up early on Sundays. 因为get up 是短暂的。
造句练习
1, 你在桌子下面干什么?
what are you doing under the desk ?
// what are you doing under the table?
2, 我正梦见你时, 电话铃声响了。 (dream about)
I am dreaming about you at the mount , the telephone ran.
// i was dreaming about you when the telephone rang.
3,明天早上这个时候, 我爸爸将正在修剪草坪。 (mow the lawn)
tomorrow this morning , my dad will mowing the lawn.
// my dad will be mowing the lawn at this time tomorrow morning.
4, 我女儿正在学习,所以你最好别去烦她。
my daughter is studing, so please do not disturb.
// my daughter is studying, so you'd better not bother her.
5, 明年这个时候我将在美国念书。
Next year this moment, I will go school at America.
// i'll be studying in the united states at this time next year.
############## Chapter 3, 完成态: 强调动作的结果, perfect tense
##### 现在完成时 ########## . present perfect tense
1, 表示到现在为止已经完成的动作。(发生时间不明)
I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信
He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车,现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇埃利斯斯普里斯
Since then, he has developed another bad habit.从那以后,他养成了另外一种坏习惯
He has gone to Shanghai. 他去了上海(言外之意:他不在说话现场)
2, 如果是延续性动词,表示持续到现在的动作(或状态)。(注意:be动词是可延续的)
She has lived here for 10 years. 她住在这里10年了。
He has been there for six months. 他在那儿已经住了6个月了。
I have been to the Great Wall. 我去过长城。
============ 现在完成时常用时间副词=============
1,自从------- since + 时间点
2,有若干时间之久 (做了多长时间了 ) ..... ......... for + 时间段
3,到目前为止 . . . . . .. . . . . so far / up to now
4,最近. ....... .... . .... recently / lately.
5,一次/两次/几次/多次 ..... once / twice / a few times /many times
6,过去若干年/月/日以来 . . . . . .. . . . over / during /for + the last / past + 数字 + years / months / days
Since then, Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places. 从那时开始,佛西特机长已经载送乘客到许多不同寻常的地方。
Mr. Hart has trained his daughter for years.哈特先生训练她的女儿已经很多年了。
But so far, the public has expressed its gratitude to the students in letters to the Press. 但到目前为止,公众已经向新闻界写信表达他们对学生们的感激之情。
Up to now ,Mr. Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. 到目前为止,斯科特先生从一个汽车修理部 向另一个发送了大量索取备件的信件和其他紧急函件。
Jack has read the novel three times. (这里的 read 是过去分词)这本小说杰克已经看过3遍了。
Have you talked to Jane lately? 你最近有没有和Jane说过话?
Over the last three months, oil prices have reached a record high. 过去三个月以来,油价创了历史新高。
---------------------补充内容, 中国人最容易用错的3个短暂动词。
请翻译一下:
1: 他去北京3天了 。 He has go to Beijing for 3 days. ( x )
2:他结婚已经3年了。He has married for 3 years . ( x )
3:他已经死了3年了。 He has died for 3 years. ( x )
go, marry, die 在英语中均为短暂动词, 都是一瞬间完成的, 你可以说:
1: He has go to Beijing. ( v )
2: He has married . ( v )
3: He has died. ( v )
但他不可能不停地做 ·去· 这个动作 3 天, 也不可能不停 ·结婚· 这个动作 3 年, 更加不可能 · 死 · 3年, 才死透。 要正确表达,必须使用对应的主系表句型, 因为系动词是可以延续的, 用主系表句型表示状态,才能加表示一段时间的状语。 所以正确的说法是:
1,He has been to Beijing for 3 days.
2, He has been married for 3 years.
3: He has been dead for 3 years.
此时,句子的动词是 be 动词, 后面的 to Beijing (介词短语), married, dead, (形容词)为表语。
##### 过去完成时 ########## past perfect tense
表示截止过去某时为止所完成的动作或经验。 (过去完成时不能单独存在,要和另一个使用一般过去时的句子或者表示过去的副词短语连用)。(had 译为· 已经· 或 · 曾经· )
My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England. 我的老朋友哈里森在回到英国以前曾多年居住在地中海地区。
A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around. 就在不久之前,参天大树🌳, 还覆盖着方圆数英里的土地。
By then , however, in many places the grass had already taken root. 然而到那时,很多地方的草已经生了根。
##### 将来完成时 ########## future perfect tense
表示到将来某时为止所完成或仍然继续的动作或经验等。(常与介词 by 构成的时间状语连用,表示 “到 ....... 时候 “ )
Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. 工人们将在今年年底前把新路铺好。
By the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium. 到明年年底,他们将把新体育场建成。
造句练习
1, 彼得去过香港很多次。
Peter go to the HK many times.
// peter has been to hong kong many times .
2,进入初中以来, 我对英语很狂热。 (be crazy about)
Entence junior high school later, I am crazy about english!
// i have been crazy about english since i entered junior high school.
3,到目前为止,我已经完成这项计划的三分之二。
so far, i already completed this project three qulity of one.
// So far, I have finished two third of the project.
4, 我最近很忙,恐怕要到下周一我才有空。
Recently i am so busy, i'm fraid next Monday i can free.
// i have been very busy recently. i'm afraid that i won't be free until next Monday.
5,过去5年来,这个好孩子都尽力照顾他生病的母亲。
last five years , this good boy will take care of ill mother.
// Over the past 5 years, the good boy has tried his best to take care of his ill mother.
6,史密斯先生搬来这里之前已经在加拿大住了20年。
Mr, smith , already living Canada 20 years when he was move house.
// Mr. Smith had lived in Canada for 20 years before he moved here.
7, 等我到达车站时, 火车已经开走了。
when i was arrived, the train leaved already.
// By the time I got to the station, the train had left .
8,玛丽昨天告诉我她很久以来一直想出国旅游。
Marri tell me that she want to outsea travel long time yesterday.
// Mary told me yesterday that she had long wanted to travel abroad.
9,我很生气,因为我女票又对我爽约了。 (stand sb 。up)
i was get angry , because my girlfriend stand me up .
// i was very angry because my grilfriend had stood me up again.
10, 明天这个时候,约翰将已经到达芝加哥了。
tomorrow this time, John chicago arrived already!
// John will have arrived in Chicago by this time tomorrow.
############### Chapter 4 完成进行态: 同时强调动作的结果和过程 (延续性动词)perfect continuous tense
延续性动词
我收到一封信
你只能说 I have received a letter.
但是绝对不能说, " I have been receiving a letter."
因为 receive 收到 这个动词, 是一瞬间完成的, 不能延续, 你不可能一直不停地收同一封信。
我住在广州3年了。
你可以说 I have lived in Guangzhou for three years.
也可以说, I have been living in Guangzhou for three years. 这两句话意思完全相同。但是第二句更加生动形象。
瞬间动词是不能放在完成进行形态的。
##### 现在完成进行时 ############ present perfect continuous tense
表示一直继续到现在, 且可能继续下去的动作。 (通常和表示时间段 的副词 连用 , 如 for, since, all morning . . . )
瞬间动词 后面不能➕ 时间状语!!!
We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning.
If you haven't discovered your dream, probably you've been missing too much. 如果你还没有发现梦想, 或许一直以来你失去的太多了。
#####过去完成进行时 ############ past perfect continuous tense
表示一直继续到过去某时,而当时仍然在继续的动作。 (过去完成进行时的句子中必须有表示过去的时间状语)
Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.消防队员们同那场森林大火搏斗了将近3个星期才最后把火势控制住。
The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. 飞机撒播近一个月后,开始下起雨来。
Bleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his latest model.布莱里奥从1905年起便开始研制飞机,这架飞机时他制作的最新型号。
##### 将来完成进行时 ############ future perfect continuous tense
表示一直继续到将来某时, 且可能继续下去的动作。
The day before his retirement, Mr. Page will have been teaching for a total of forty years. 佩琦先生退休的前一天正好是他执教满40年的日子
By the time you come back tonight, I will have been sleeping for five hours. 等你今晚回来时,我已经持续睡了5个小时了。
任何完成进行态,都能改成完成态。 但是完成态不一定能改成完成进行态,必须是延续性动词,才能改
造句练习
1, 约翰自去年起就一直学日语。 他希望去日本留学。
John straight study japanese since one year ago, he hope go to japan stduy.
// John has been learning Japanese since last year. He expects to study in Japan in the future.
2, lulu的车子抛锚时,她已经持续开了8个小时了。
lulu's car drop anchor time, she drive the car 8 hours already.
// By the time her car broke down, Lulu had been driving for 8 hours.
3,到今年年底, 王老师教英语将有10年了。
to end of this year, Mr wang have ten year by teaching english.
// Mr. Wang will have been teaching English for 10 years by the end of this year.
############# Chapter 5 , 浅谈·过去将来时· past future tense .
过去将来时通常多用于叙述性故事中,或间接引语中
A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. 数小时之前,有人向警方报告,说有人企图偷走这些钻石。(一般态)
Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year ! 然后他微笑了一下告诉我说,我每年将得到 1,000 英镑的额外收入。(一般态)
He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel. 他说,可以在隧道中央建造一座平台。 (一般态)
She said she would be setting off on the 10 o'clock train. 她说她将乘坐10点的火车走 。 (进行态)
I guessed that Helen would have told her something. 我猜海伦会告诉她一些情况的。(完成态)
He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years. 他告诉我到今年末他已经住在那儿30年了。 (完成进行态)
造句练习
1, 在信中她说她明年将到英国来。
In the letter , she said will come to the Unitd Kindom next year.
// In her letter, she said that she would come to England next year.
2, 他问我明天上午10点我将干什么。
He asked me what doing at tomorrow morning.
// He asked me what I should be doing at 10 a.m. the next day
3, 他告诉我们他会在8点以前干完工作。
He tell our , He will finished his job at 8 o'clock ago.
// He told us he would have finished the work by 8 o'clock.
