06 第3课-英文造句的被动结构(28分钟) 1月11号 周五
- ナイバーの英語教室
- 2019-01-11
- 85热度
- 0评论
01 唯库学习使用指南(1分钟)
02 先导课-课程及学习方法介绍(11分钟)
03 第1课(上)-英语简单句的造句法则和基本语法概念(45分钟)
04 第1课(下)-英语简单句的造句法则和基本语法概念(39分钟)
05 第2课-说和写英文的时候,如何避免犯时态错误(60分钟)
06 第3课-英文造句的被动结构(28分钟)
07 第4课-被动语态的重点难点(30分钟)
08 第5课-最简单的长句——并列句(32分钟)
09 第6课-把句子套进另一个句子里,变身“大名词”(22分钟)
10 第7课-把一个句子连接到另一个句子上,变身“大副词”(45分钟)
11 第8课-定语从句不一定真的是定语,而是并列句的马甲(49分钟)
12 第9课-英文长句子的简化方法(49分钟)
13 第10课-如何构建长难句的主语和宾语(25分钟)
14 第11课-如何正确使用不定式短语(27分钟)
15 第12课-条件状语从句和虚拟语气(31分钟)
16 第13课-如何运用好比较结构(20分钟)
17 第14课-如何写好倒装句和强调句(16分钟)
18 第15课-介词省略句型(5分钟)
回顾: 动词的时态
时间: tense , 过去, 现在, 将来
状态: aspect , 一般态, 进行态, 完成态
动词的语态 voice
主动语态, 被动语态
只有及物动词才有被动语态, 不及物动词没有被动语态。
及物动词和不及物动词
不及物动词vi
appear vi 呈现,出现:
A woman suddenly appeared in the doorway. 一个女人【 [mò]突然】 蓦地出现在门口。
The sun appeared on the horizon. 太阳出现在地平线上。
及物动词 vt.
eat, 吃, 食; 英国英语:喝汤:
to eat a dinner (meal) ; 吃一顿 (饭菜)
tigers eat meat。 老虎吃肉。
to eat the milk。 喝牛奶。
to eat one's tea (或 soup) 喝茶(或汤 )
及物动词后面可以加宾语
主动语态: I eat meat. 我吃肉。
被动语态: the meat is eaten by me . 肉
不及物动词后面不可以加宾语,没有被动语态。
主动语态:I appear. 我出现了。
主动语态变成被动语态的方式
1, be 动词 (根据 16种 时态变化,与原句时态一致)+ 过去分词原句的宾语做主语,而原句的主语,在被动语态中省略,或者前面加上 介词 by 作 状语。
2, 所谓被动语态, 其实是一种特殊的主系表句型: 过去分词作表语。
主系表结构: 主语+ be 动词+ 名词/ 形容词 / 副词。 I am a student
主语+be 动词 + 过去分词
I was beaten. , 我被打了。
主动语态: Somebody beat me, 主谓宾 结构。
被动语态: I was beaten by somebody. 这里的by somebody 可以省略。
被动语态的时态变化
一般态
一般现在时
Our clavichord is kept in the living-room. 我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室。(可以认为clavichord 是主语,is 是 系动词, kept 是表语 )
一般过去时
The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. 这件乐器是我祖父在很多年以前买的。 (可以认为instrument 是主语,was 是 系动词, bought 是表语)
一般将来时
The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years' time. 4年以后,奥林匹克运动会将会在我们国家举办。(可以认为 games 是主语 )
被动语态句中出现情态动词时, 用法同 will。
The work must be finished in one way or another. 这件事必须设法做好。
This passage may be given several interpretations. 这段文字可以有不同的解释
进行态 : be 动词 + being + 过去分词, be 动词 时态 和 原句 保持一致
现在进行时:
It is being repaired by a friend of my father's . 父亲的一个朋友正在修理它。(可以认为 it 是主语, is being 是系动词 )
主动语态: A friend of my father's is repairing it.
I am a doctor. (常规状态)
I am being a doctor. (过去和未来不确定,仅仅表示现在)
过去进行时
I was being tested for a driving license for the third time. (过去进行时) 我第3次接受驾驶执照考试。(可以认为 I 是主语, was being 是系动词 , tested 是表语 )
主动语态: Somebody was testing me for a driving license for the third time.
将来进行时
He will be being examined when we get there. 但我们到那儿时他正被检查。(可以认为 He 是主语, will be being 是 系动词 , examined 是表语 )
主动语态: Somebody will be examine him when we get there.
完成态: have / has / had been + 动词 过去分词
现在完成时
The fantastic modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter. 这些巨大的现代化建筑是由 库尔特·冈特 设计的。 (可以认为 buildings 是主语, have been 是 系动词, designed 是 表语 )
主动语态: Kurt Gunter has designed the fantastic modern buildings .
过去完成时
I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. 按照要求在车辆拥挤的路上驾驶, 我圆满地完成了。( 可以认为 I 是主语 , had been 系动词, asked 是 表语)
主动语态: Somebody had asked me to drive in heavy traffic.
Bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him. 他驾驶的“蓝鸟”汽车 是专门为他制造的。
主动语态: Somebody had specially built Bluebird, the car he was driving for him .
将来完成时:
Your character will have been completed by the time your life comes to an end. 当生命走到尽头的时候, 你的人格才变得完全。 (可以认为 character 是主语, will have been 是 系动词 , completed 是 表语 )
完成进行态很少用于被动语态
造句练习
1, 欧元在大部分欧洲国家都被使用。The euro is using many counties in the Europe .
// The euro is used in most European countries . 一般现在时。
2,这些电脑是在台湾制造的。This computers have been made in Taiwan.
// These computers were manufactured in Taiwan.
3,2012的奥运会将会在伦敦举行。The 2012 Olympic Games will be held in London.
4,一名应聘者正被我们的人事经理面试着。 A candidate is being interviewing by our personnel manager.
主动语态: Our Personnel Manager is interviewing a candidate.
// An applicant is being interviewed by our personnel manager.
5,那栋旧大楼已被拆除。 The old building had been teared town .
// The old building has been torn down.
6,我们办公室的房间 都是 每天 打扫的。Our office room is clean everyday.
// Our office rooms are cleaned up every day.
7,汤姆昨天被一只狗咬到, 所幸无大碍。Tom was bitten by a dog,
// Tom was bitten by a dog yesterday. Fortunately, it was nothing serious.
8,因为经济不景气(the economic recession), 大约 5000名员工将被裁员 (lay off)
About 5000 employees will be lay off, because the economic recession.
// Because of the economic recession, about 5000 employees will be laid off.
9,六个人被困在矿井里已有17个小时了。
Six peoples had been trapped in a mine for 17 hours .
// Sex men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours.
10,这场地震结束的时候有多少建筑被毁坏了 ?
How many buildings had been breaked by the end of earthquake. ?
// How many buildings had been destroyed when the earthquake ended ?
最好使用被动语态的情况
为了突出受动者 (主动语态中的宾语)
A hero is distinguished in difficult circumstances. 困境之中显英雄。
A liar is not believed when he tells the truth. 撒谎的人讲真理也没人相信。
施动者 (主动语态的主语 ) 不明确 或 不必 指明时。
Then in 1989, twenty-six years after the crash, the plane was accidentally rediscovered in an aerial survey of the island. (没有提及到底是谁发现的) 于是, 到了 1989年, 飞机失事 26 年后, 在对小岛的一次 航空勘查中 那家飞机被 意外地发现了。
Once a year, a race is held for old cars. 旧式汽车的比赛每年举行一次。(没有提及举办者是谁)
