07 第4课-被动语态的重点难点【不完全及物动词和授予动词的补充】(30分钟) 1月16号 周三

01 唯库学习使用指南(1分钟)
02 先导课-课程及学习方法介绍(11分钟)
03 第1课(上)-英语简单句的造句法则和基本语法概念(45分钟)
04 第1课(下)-英语简单句的造句法则和基本语法概念(39分钟)
05 第2课-说和写英文的时候,如何避免犯时态错误(60分钟)
06 第3课-英文造句的被动结构(28分钟)
07 第4课-被动语态的重点难点(30分钟)


08 第5课-最简单的长句——并列句(32分钟)
09 第6课-把句子套进另一个句子里,变身“大名词”(22分钟)
10 第7课-把一个句子连接到另一个句子上,变身“大副词”(45分钟)
11 第8课-定语从句不一定真的是定语,而是并列句的马甲(49分钟)
12 第9课-英文长句子的简化方法(49分钟)
13 第10课-如何构建长难句的主语和宾语(25分钟)
14 第11课-如何正确使用不定式短语(27分钟)
15 第12课-条件状语从句和虚拟语气(31分钟)
16 第13课-如何运用好比较结构(20分钟)
17 第14课-如何写好倒装句和强调句(16分钟)
18 第15课-介词省略句型(5分钟)

不完全及物动词和授予动词的补充

第四大句型, 其实就是“让某人做某事”

My mother made me wash the car.  宾语是“我”, 宾补是”洗车“, 也就是说,宾语和补语放在一起, 逻辑上可以构成一个句子”我洗车“。

宾语和宾补之间的关系是被动语态呢?

他让这个任务完成了。

如果按照造句规律, 应该是: He made this task be finished.

或者 He get this task to be finished.

宾补中, 出现 be 或者 to be, 通常要省略! 所以,这句话应该说成: He made this task finished

思考: 英语中还有什么时候会出现be动词呢?

除了被动语态 (过去分词作表语)之外, 还有第一章学过的主系表 句型。( be 动词 后面 的名词 作 表语, 形容词 作表语 , 地点副词 作 表语。 )

使役动词

使役动词 + 宾语 +  过去分词 (补语)

Now a group of students will have the plane restored.  // 一群学生计划修复这架飞机

Officials have the clock checked twice a day.  //官员们每天两次派人检查此钟

使役动词 也可以 + 名词  / 形容词 / 地点副词 (作补语) , 原因 是 前面省略了 不定式 be 或 to be。

使役动词 + 宾语 + 名词, 形容词 或 地点副词

His teacher made him a good student.  (名词 作 宾补)

他的老师使他成为好学生。

The trip made him happy.  (形容词 作 宾补 )

这次旅行使他很愉快。

He let me in (地点副词 作 宾补 )

他让我进来。

Get him out of here . (介词短语, 相当于地点副词  )

把他弄出去!

各种常用的不完全及物动词

让某人做某事, 只能接不定式作宾语补语。

ask, encourage , tell , push , expect , want , drive/force/oblige/compel.   order, cause / urge.

The postman wanted me to sign for a letter! //  邮递员要我签收一封挂号信!

Last week at a dinner-party , the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold. // 在上星期的一次宴会上, 女主人安排我坐在兰波尔德夫人的身旁

Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks. // 博得命令他的助手们把两个沉重的食物袋扔掉。

My dentist had told me to rest for a while.// 我的牙科医生叫我休息一会儿。

My old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette. // 我的老朋友布奈恩极力劝我接受一支香烟。

知觉动词  (5看 , 2听 , 1 感觉 )

01, 感觉: feel

02, 听: hear, listen to

03, 看: see , observe , watch, look at , notice

表事实: 此类动词 + 宾语  +  动词原形 (补语) , 翻译为 “. . . . . .  了”

I saw him dance . 我看见他跳舞了。

I heard him sing.  我听见他唱歌了。

表进行状态: 此类动词 + 宾语 + 现在分词 (补语 ), 翻译为 “. . . . . . 正在 .. . . . . . . .”

Early next morning, she heard planes passing overhead. //  第二天一大早, 她听到头顶上飞机正在盘旋。

The pilot saw one of the men taking photographs.  // 当气球飞临基地上空时, 飞行员看见有一个人 在拍照。

表被动状态: 此类动词 + 宾语 + 过去分词 (补语), 翻译为“ . . . . . . . 被 . . . . .  ”

I saw him killed. 我看见他被杀了。

认定动词: 视. . . . . . . . 为 . . . . . . . .;  认为. . . . . . 是 . . . . . . .

In spite of this , the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero .  // 尽管如此, 意大利人还是把他视为某种英雄。

His students all look upon him as a friend.// 他的学生都把他看成是朋友。

They think of themselves as the salt of the earth. // 他们自认为是社会中坚

I'd like to see Europe as a nuclear-free zone. // 我希望欧洲成为无核区

We view every customer as a partner.  // 我们将每一位客户视为合作伙伴

动词 + 宾语 + 介词 as + 名词或形容词 ( 补语 )

regard

look upon

think of

see

view

He is finding his new work far more exciting. 他发觉自己的新工作令人兴奋得多

I found his advice really useful. 我发现他的建议非常有用

People think this problem determination. 人们认为这个问题解决了

上述动词 +  宾语 + ( to be ) + 名词 or  形容词(补语)   注:  to be 可省略

consider

deem

think

find

believe

转变动词 :  使 . . . . . . .变成 . . . . .

1,   change

2,  turn

此 2个动词  + 宾语 + into +  名词 ( 补语 )

I need to change my dollars into francs. //  我需要把美金换成法郎

The experience turned him into a good student. // 这个经验使他变成了好学生

其他

A:  call / name  + 宾语 +  名词 ( 补语 )

“Do you call that a hat?” I said to my wife. //“你把那个叫帽子吗?”我对妻子说。

You can name your pet dog Doctor. // 你可以把你的狗狗取名叫博士

B: help 后接不定式 (to 可省略 )作宾语补语。

A short while ago , my sister helped me to carry my old bookcases up the stairs.  // 几分钟前,我妹妹帮我把我的旧书架抬上了楼。

造句练习

1, 店员看见这个衣着很好的妇女正在偷东西。 The sells clerk saw the dress well woman stealing the something.
// The shop assistant saw the well-dressed woman stealing something.

2,你能帮我洗衣物吗? Could you help me wash clothes?
// Can you help me to wash clothes?

3,作为老师, 你应该鼓励你的学生努力学习。 As a teacher, you should encourage your student work hard.
// As a teacher, you should encourage your students to study hard.

4, 父母不应该期望他们的孩子做任何事都成功。Parents should not look forward to their child do anything to be success.
// The parents should not expect their children to succeed in doing everything .

5,你应该命令这个计划在一个月内完成。You'd order this plan to be finished in this month.
// You should order this project finished within a month .

6,我发现我们的老师被警察逮捕了。 I found place teacher under arrest by police.
// I found our teacher arrested by the police.

7,工人们明天将把墙面刷成绿色.  The works will paint the wall to be white tomorrow.
// The workers will paint the wall green .

8,女主人邀请我们进去。The hostess invited our let in.
// The hostess     invited    us     (to be )in .

9,我们认为这个男人处于危险中。We think this men as in danger.
// We   considered        the man   (to be )In danger.

10,大部人把他当作英雄。Many of people regarded him as a hero .
// Most people regarded him as a hero.

 

特殊授予动词 (主语+谓语+ 双宾结构) -----22:35 (watched)

间接宾语 与 直接 宾语 位置 可以倒置, 此时需要 +  介词 to, for , of

表 “给予” 的概念 ,要用 to .

表 “代劳” 的概念 (buy 等等),要用 for.

ask 要用 of.

My holidays passed quickly , but I did not send any cards to my friends . 假期过得真快, 可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片。

I bought a book for him.  我为他买了一本书。

I asked a question of him.  我问了他一个问题。

下列授予动词 与 of 连用 

1,rob 抢夺

2, deprive 剥夺(权利)

3, cure 治愈

4,relieve 减轻

He robbed me of my money .  他抢了我的钱

注意: 中国式思维容易说成 He robbed my money (x)这是绝对错误的!

This law will deprive us of our most basic rights.  这条法律将剥夺我们最基本的权利。

I continually have to remind him of his responsibilities. 我得一再提醒他记住他的责任。

表“ 提供 ” 概念的 授予动词,  provide , furnish,  supply  必须与介词 with 连用。 (但 双宾语 倒置的时候 任然用 to, for )

He provided me with a lot of money.  他提供给我很多钱

The present conflict may provide fresh impetus for peace talk . 目前的冲突可能会给和谈提供新的推动力。

The school doesn't furnish students with lunch. 学校不供给学生午饭。

The gas station usually supplies its nearby communities with gas.  这个加油站通常为附近的社区提供汽油

We supply power to the three nearby towns. 我们对附近的三个城镇提供电力

造句练习

 

1,这个著名的歌手给我们演唱了一首流行歌曲。 The singer give us to be sing a popular  song.
// The famous singer sang us a popular song.

2,这座新桥带给当地人极大的方便。The new bridge bring more convenience for local.
// The new bridge brings the local people the great convenience.

3,你不能剥夺她的权利。You can't deprivation of his right.
// You can't deprive her of her rights.

4, 这张照片使我想起了我们在夏令营度过的日子。The photograph let me remembered that the days spent in summer camps.
// The photo reminds me of the days which spent in the summer camp.

 

第四大句型:  主语 + 不完全及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补语 , 变成被动语态时, 原句的宾语补语, 在被动语态中的名称为 “主语 补语 ”

My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. 我父亲大为吃惊,不许我们再动它

The Games will be held just outside the capital and the whole area will be called 'Olympic City '. 奥运会就在首都市郊举办, 整个地区将被称作“奥林匹克城”

The man was ordered to pay ^3,545 for the cost of the trip. 此人被责令交付旅费 3,500英镑

-------------------补充知识-------------------------------------------------

make, have , let, get. 这4个使役动词, 只有make 可以用于被动语态。

这类句型在被动语态句里边, 主语补语 必须加上 to !

They made me repeat the story . /   I was made to  repeat the story .

他们让我又把那事讲了1遍。

I saw him dance. / He was seen to dance .

我看见他跳舞了。

1感 ,  feel

2听,  hear , listen to 

1使, make

5看, see , observe , watch, look at , notice 

第五大句型变成被动语态时,两个宾语都可以成为被动句的主语。 但由于间接宾语是人, 通常更常变成主语。

He was given a book by me .

= A book was given to him by me .

-------------------补充知识-------------------------------------------------