10 第7课-把一个句子连接到另一个句子上，变身“大副词”（45分钟） （第二阶段 第三课）

01 唯库学习使用指南（1分钟）
02 先导课-课程及学习方法介绍（11分钟）
03 第1课（上）-英语简单句的造句法则和基本语法概念（45分钟）
04 第1课（下）-英语简单句的造句法则和基本语法概念（39分钟）
05 第2课-说和写英文的时候，如何避免犯时态错误（60分钟）
06 第3课-英文造句的被动结构（28分钟）
07 第4课-被动语态的重点难点（30分钟）
08 第5课-最简单的长句——并列句（32分钟）
09 第6课-把句子套进另一个句子里，变身“大名词”（22分钟）
10 第7课-把一个句子连接到另一个句子上，变身“大副词”（45分钟）

11 第8课-定语从句不一定真的是定语，而是并列句的马甲（49分钟）
12 第9课-英文长句子的简化方法（49分钟）
13 第10课-如何构建长难句的主语和宾语（25分钟）
14 第11课-如何正确使用不定式短语（27分钟）
15 第12课-条件状语从句和虚拟语气（31分钟）
16 第13课-如何运用好比较结构（20分钟）
17 第14课-如何写好倒装句和强调句（16分钟）
18 第15课-介词省略句型（5分钟）

第二阶段  ： 如何造出复杂的句子 ，

 第三课，把一个句子连接到另一个句子上，变身“大副词” 

01， 时间状语从句

什么是时间状语从句

昨天晚上，我看了一部电影。 

时间状语是时间副词“昨天晚上”

我完成工作以后，看了一部电影。

时间状语是“我完成工作以后”

一个句子， 在另外一个句子里边充当时间状语，那么，我们就称作“时间状语从句”

当.. . . . . 的时候

When . . . . / as . . . . .  从句多用一般态，可接短暂动词，也可接延续动词

While . . . .   强调动作进行，从句多用进行态， 只能接延续动词。

例句

When he began to play a tune曲子, we had our first glimpse瞥见 of the snake.

当他开始吹奏一支曲子时， 我们才第一次看到那条蛇。

I looked down 俯视;向下看  and nearly fell off险些跌落 the ladder when I saw a policeman.

当我看清是一个警察时，差一点儿从梯子上掉下去。

While he was eating, I asked him to lend me twenty pounds.

当他吃饭时，我提出向他借20英镑

While the battered 磨损的 car was moving away, Roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police.

当那辆被撞坏的车开走后，罗伊停下车，给警察挂了电话。

As the thieves were trying to get away in their car, Roy drove his bus into the back of it ,

当那两个小偷企图乘车逃跑时， 罗伊驾驶他的公共汽车撞在了那辆车的后尾上。

As she walked away, I followed her out of the fair.

当她走开时， 我也跟着她出了集市

When 有时候 也有“就在此时” 的意思， 用以说明前一个分句的时间。 这时候， when 引导的从句必须放在主句后面。

I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, "Do you speak English? "

就到达那个镇时，那青年突然开了口，慢慢地说道：“你会讲英语吗？”

I was almost there差不多了  when a sarcastic voice挖苦的声音 below said, "I don't think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night, "

快要爬到窗口时， 下面一个人用讽刺的口吻说：“我看不必在夜里这个时候擦窗子吧。”

如果时间状语从句表示将来，一般将来时要改为一般现在时。

1， I will be a teacher when I grow up . 我长大的时候，要做一个老师。（虽然，长大，发生在将来， 但因为时间状语从句，所以用一般现在时）

2，Whenever 无论何时，每当， 是 when 的 强调形式。

3，Whenever you have an aim , you must sacrifice牺牲 something of freedom to attain达到，获得; 遂愿; 经过努力到达某事物; it.

每当有了目标， 你必须牺牲一定的自由去达到目标。

4，Forgive others whenever you can .得饶人处且饶人。

while 既可以做副词连词，也可以作并列连词。

A 表示“当. . . 时” ， while 视为副词连词， 引导状语从句， 此时两个句子通常时态不同。

While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel,  俩个侦探在门口站岗期间，另外两个侦探打开了包裹。（时态不同）

A robot-arm will grab夺取; 抓住，攫取 the telescope and hold it while the astronauts make the necessary repairs.  （时态不同 ） 当宇航员进行必要的修复工作时，“奋进号“上的一只机器手将抓住望远镜并托住它。

B，表示“而. . . . .”, while 视为并列连词， 连接两个分句，此时两个句子时态相同

When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield.

当飞机到达时， 一些侦探等候在主楼内，另一些侦探守则候在停机坪上。

通常接短暂动词， 也可以接延续动词。

在. . 之前     before  . . . . .

在. . . . . .之后  after  . . . . . .

After I had left a small village in the south of France ,I drove on to the next town.

在离开法国南部的一个小村庄后，我继续驶往下一个城镇

After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening.

他退休后，将致力于园艺。

Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop .

在退休前，弗兰克是一家非常大的商业公司的经理， 但他小时候却在一家小铺里做工。

说明

before 用以说明主句的时间很长，翻译为“才”。

用以说明主句的时间很短， 翻译为“就”。

这时，before引导的从句必须放在主句后面。

Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her.

几乎过了一个星期， 那姑娘才能讲述自己的遭遇。

直到 . .. . . .  until / till

( 从句 只能 接短暂动词，  主句肯定是用延续动词， 主句否定用短暂动词。 )

The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground.

那年轻人直到床撞到地上才醒过来。 （not  .. . . . until . . . . 翻译为  直到 . . . .才 . . . . ）

He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later.

他等到火山平静下来， 两天以后又返回去。

一 .. . . . 就  .. . . .   as soon as  /  the  moment  ( 只能接短暂动词 ）

As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language.

他一上车， 我就用法语向他问早上好， 他也同样用法语回答我。

As soon as this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire.

这件事刚刚做完， 他们就在篝火上烧起了饭。

The moment you leave this tent , you will get a big surprise.

您一走出这个帐篷， 就会大吃一惊。

刚. . . ..  .就  . . .. . .  no sooner . . . . . than .. . . . . . .( 主句 动作 已经完成 )
hardly / scarcely . . . . . . when / before  .  . . . (主句 动作差点 完成 )
（主句 用过去 完成时， 从句一般用 过去时 且只能接 短暂动词。）

He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there.

他刚一回到英国便买下一栋房子住了进去。

He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.

还没安顿下来就卖掉房子，离开了这个国家。

I had scarcely fallen asleep before the noise from neighbor woke me up .

我刚一睡着，邻居发出的噪音就把我吵醒了。

自从 ------ since / ever since （可以接短暂动词，也可以接 延续动词 )

------------21:00/45:59------------------------Thursday, March 28 , 17.57 PM! 

He has just bought a new house in the city , but ever since he moved in , he has had trouble with cars and their owner.

他刚在城里买下一所新房子， 但自从搬进去后，就和汽车以及车主们发生了摩擦。

We haven't seen  other since we graduated.

自从毕业后我们彼此就没有见过面。

造句练习24

1，当我走进这座大楼的时候，看见一位拿着公文包的女士 （while）

I saw  a lady with a briefcase while I was walking into the building .

2，当你长大，你就会知道父母有多伟大。

When you grow up , you will know how great your parents are.

3，当你发现你和多数人站在同一边时， 就是改革的时候了。

Whenever you find that you are on the side of the majority , it is the time to reform . (马克吐温名言)

4，玛丽打开礼物后，便开始写感谢函（think-you notes）了

After she opened her gifts, Mary started writing thank-you notes.

5，雨一停，天空中就出现了一道彩虹🌈

As soon as the rain stooped ,a  rainbow appeared in the sky.

6，比赛才刚刚开始，两个队就打了起来。（no sooner ---than）

The game had no sooner started than the two teams began to fight.

7，Lulu刚用她的新电脑，电脑就坏了。 （hardly . . . . when ）

Lulu had hardly used her new computer when it broke.

8，我们会待在海边直到天黑。

We are going to stay at the beach until it gets dark.

9，已经过了3个月，大卫才提到他生病了。

It had been three months before David mentioned he was sick.

10，我在电影院门口等待Lisa， 不久以后她就到了。

We waited for Lisa in front of the cinema and it was not long before she arrived

 

 02 地点状语从句

 

地点状语从句

我们晚上会在全聚德烤鸭店吃饭。

地点状语是 “全聚德烤鸭店”

我们晚上会在我们上次聚会的地方吃饭。

地点状语是“在我们上次聚会的地方”， 但是 “我们上次聚会” 本身就是一个句子。

一个句子，在另外一个句子里边充当地点状语，那就是地点状语从句。

地点状语从句的连词是 where ， 但是要注意， where 引导的地点状语从句，不仅可以表示地点，还可以表示抽象意义“在  .. . . . . . 形式之下 ”

在 . . . . . . .  的地点/ 形式 下，  发生什么事。

地点状语从句主要：  where+陈述句 构成， 用来表达主句动作发生的地点。

1, Where there is a will  , there is a way .

有志者，事竟成。

2 , Where there is smoke, there is fire .

无风不起浪

3, A driver should slow down where there are schools .

在有学校的地方，司机应缓行

4, Where the cost of government is high, resources for development are correspondingly low.

凡是政府管理费用高的地方，用于发展国家经济的资金就会相应地减少。

5, Where others ran away in fear, the soldier bravely fought against the enemy.

在其他人惊慌逃跑的情况下， 这名士兵英勇地抗击敌军。

造句练习25

1， 有生命就有希望。

Where there is life, there is hope

2，在我成长的地方，人们在马路上都是靠右行驶。

where I grew up, people drive on the right side of the road.

3，医生建议我住在空气更新鲜的地方。

The doctor advised me to live where the air is fresher.

4，在你有足够信心的前提下，你将会成功。

Where you have enough confidence, you will succeed.

5，无论你去哪里， 无论你做什么，我将一直在这儿等你。

Wherever you go , whatever you do,  I will be right here waiting for you .

03 . 原因状语从句。

原因状语从句

因为贫穷， 他很早就辍学了。  原因状语是“因为贫穷”。

因为他喜欢打游戏， 他很早就辍学了。

原因状语是“因为他喜欢打游戏”， 这句话里边的“他喜欢打游戏” 本身 就是一个句子。

一个句子，在另外一个句子里边做原因状语，称之为原因状语从句。

because, as , since , for , in that  均可 引导原因状语从句。

because 语气最强 （强调从句）， 只有它能回答 why 的提问， 也只有because 才能被强调词 only，just， perhaps 来修饰

for / in that 语气最弱 （强调主句 ） ， 所以只能放在主句后面， for 表示推断的理由，故多用于主句后面

例句

Teenagers are damaging their health because they play computer games too much .

因为青少年们玩电脑游戏太多， 他们的健康正在受损。

Perhaps because Mom missed so much time with her own kids . she made it up with her grandchildren .

或许我妈妈错过了太多与她孩子在一起的时间， 因此她在孙辈中找到补偿。

As a great many people will be visiting the country ,the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a new Olympic-standard swimming pool .

由于将有大批的人到我们国家来， 所以政府准备建造一些新的饭店，一个大型体育场，和一个新的奥运会标准游泳池。

I will seek to balance career and family since both are important to me .

由于事业和家庭对我都重要，我要努力在两者之间取得平衡。

He had had a long and uncomfortable trip, for he had been confined to the wooden box for over ten hours.

他经历了一次漫长而又难受的旅程，因为他在木箱里闷了18个多小时。

He didn't attend the negotiation in that he was ill.

他因为有病，没有参加谈判。

because 和 because of 的区别

because of 是介词短语， 后面只能接名词， 不能接句子。

类似的介词短语还有 due to， in view  of  , thanks to , owing to.

Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once.

为此，他甚至一次也没能把自己的车开进车库

Owing to the heavy rain,  there have been many mudslides in the hill lately.

因为大雨，最近山区发生多起泥石流。

Thanks to great public transportation, few people in the city need to own cars.

因为又很好的公交系统，这个城市很少有人需要自己买车。

注意： 汉翻译英语时候， “既然” 翻译为  since ， “由于” 翻译为 ‘as’

造句练习 26

1， 我们将会取消音乐会，因为音乐家出了意外，现在人在医院里。

We will cancel the concert because the musician had an accident and is in the hospital.

2，由于下周一是法定假日，所有的政府机关豆浆休息。

As next Monday is a national holiday, all government offices will be closed.

3，既然你是英语专业的，我猜想你能帮我学习这个句子。

Since you are an English major, I guess you can help me study this sentence.

4，这个问题的答案我很久都理解不透 （elude me ）， 也许是因为问题太简单了。

The answer to this question eluded me for a long time, perhaps because it was so simple.

5， 昨晚下雨了，因为今天早上地面是湿的。

It rained last night,  for the ground is wet this morning .

 

 

04，结果状语从句

结果状语从句

结果状语从句， 就是中文里边说的“如此. . . . . 以至于. . . . . ”

连接结果状语从句的连词有： so. . . . . that. . . . . ， such. . . . .  that. . . . . ， so that

so . . . . that . . . .  so 后面要接形容词或 副词， 或相当于 形容词的分词。

Mrs . Sterling got so angry that she ran after  them.

斯特林夫人非常气愤，向着他们追了过去。

My friend, Hugh, has always been fat , but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet .

我的朋友休一直很胖，但是近来情况变得越来越发糟糕，以至他决定节食。

He did the work so badly that I had to do it all over again myself .

他干的太差劲了，我只好亲自重做。

本句型中的so 可用 enough 取代， 但是 enough 要后置。

She is old enough that she can get married.

= She is so old that she can get married.

她已达到可结婚的年龄

In the new country he became absorbed in making a new life for the two of us , so that he gradually ceased to grieve. 在这个新的国家里， 父亲专心致志地为我俩开创一种新的生活， 慢慢地不伤心了。

Such . . . . that . . . .  such 后面要接名词

The man got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away.

这两个人吓了一跳， 扔下提包逃跑了。

一种特殊的连词  -----so

so 到底是并列连词， 还是副词连词，学术界有所争论。

因为so连接两个句子时，意思是“所以 . . . . .”, 

其实，so 作为连词， 是 so that  . .. .  . 的省略形式， 引导的当然是结果状语从句。

My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.

我弟弟以前从未出过国，因此，他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心。

So make matters worse, the room is rather small.

so I have temporarily put my books on the floor.

更糟糕的是，房间还非常小， 所以我暂时把书放在了地板上。

so 既可以是副词， 也可以是连词。

所以，so 引导的句子，不仅可以用逗号连接，也可以单独成句。

so 作副词， 其引导的句子， 也可以和前面的句子分开。

The children were at school , my husband was at work and the house was quiet. So I decided to make some meat pies.

孩子们在上学， 我丈夫在上班， 家里清静得很。 于是我决定做些肉馅饼

造句练习 27

1，湖面上的雾太浓，所以我们不能看到对岸。

The fog on the lake was very thick, so we couldn't see the other side.

2，玛丽很贴心，以至于大家都很喜欢她。

Mary is so sweet that everyone loves her.

3，他们是很糟糕的厨师以至于没人去他们的餐厅。

They are such terrible cooks that no one came to their restaurant.

05. 目的状语从句

目的状语从句

目的状语从句 ， 一般翻译为 “以便于. . . . . .”  , 通常连词有 so that, in order that , that, 主句和从句 一般没有逗号隔开， 在目的状语从句中， 常常含有情态动词。

比较：

1， He worked hard at his lessons so that he could gain high grades in the exams.

他努力学习功课，争取考试能获得好成绩 。 （目的）

2,    He worked hard at his lessons, so that he gained high grades in the exams.

他努力学习，结果考试获得了好成绩。 （结果）

例句

This time he was barking so that someone would let him out !

这次它叫着让人把它放出去。

This time , he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures.

这次他设法爬进了基土罗火山口，以便能拍摄照片和测试温度。

They had taken special precautions so that no one should recognize them .

他们做了特别的预防措施以防止别人认出他们。

I am saving money in order that I can buy a house.

我正在攒钱，以便我能买一所房子。

造句练习 28

1， 这位电影明星 伪装自己， 以便在人群中不被认出来。

The movie star disguised himself so that he wouldn't be recognized in the crowd.

2，我们应该早起以便能看到日出。

We should wake up early in the morning in order that we can see the sun rise.

06 让步状语从句

让步状语从句

让步状语从句， 就是我们中文里边说的“虽然 . .. .  但是 . . . . .”   , 引导让步 状语从句的副词连词有 ： though， although, even though, even if,  但和中文不同， 主语前绝不可加 再次加入  but ， 但 可以用  yet / still 。

though,  although,  even though ,是对事实的让步， 翻译为“虽然，尽管 ”

even if  是对假设的让步， 翻译为 “即使，哪怕是 ”

例句 ：

Thought she hesitated for a moment , she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.

她虽然犹豫了片刻，但终于还是走进了商店，要求把陈列在橱窗里的一件衣服拿给她看。

Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt.

尽管床摔成了碎片，但年轻人却奇迹地没有受伤。

Even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold.

即使那时仍为夏季，但雨总是下个不停，而且常常冷得厉害。

The villagers have told him that they will not accept the pub even if he gives it away.

村里的人告诉他，即使他把小酒店白送人，他们也不要。

While / whereas 也可引导让步状语从句， 相当于 though 或 although

While winning is everything, trying to win is everything.

尽管获胜并不重要，但是为了获胜而努力却很重要。

Whereas you cannot turn back the clock , you can take control of your life.

虽然你不能使时钟倒转，但却可以掌控自己的生活。

no matter wh-( how, what , who ,  which, when , where )  或者 however, whatever, whoever,  whichever, whenever, wherever 也可引导让步状语从句。

例句

 

No matter how busy you are , he always insists on coming with you .

不管你多忙，他总是坚持要跟你去，（他总是坚持要跟着你一起走下去。）No matter how = however

No matter what you do , do with your might.

无论你做什么， 要尽力。 （No matter what = whatever ）

No matter who he is , he must obey the law.

无论他是谁，都必须遵守法律。 （ No matter who = whoever ）

No matter which people criticize you, don't let them take your focus off your dream.

无论什么人批评你，都不要让他们破坏你的梦想！（ No matter which = whichever ）

No matter where you live, you would find it difficult not to laugh at ,say, Charlie Chaplin's early films.

比如说， 不管你生活在哪里， 你看查理卓别林的早期电影很难不发笑。

Whatever may happen , you must keep calm .

无论什么事发生，你必须保持冷静。

The business would be a success, whoever owned it.

无论什么人经营，这生意都会成功。

whether 也可以引导让步状语从句， 表示“无论 . . . . ”  常和 or 或 or not 一起使用。

Whether we realize it or not, each of us has the strong desire to success.

不管我们是否意识到，我们都有成功的愿望。

Whether we win or lose , we should respect the election result.

无论是输还是赢，我们应该尊重选举结果。

Whether or not he will stay , I really don't care.

他要走还是留下， 我真的不关心。

造句练习29

1， 虽然他是我兄弟，但我们长得不像。

Though he is my brother, we don't look alike.

2，尽管我父亲已经到了退休年龄，却打算继续工作。

My father plans to carry on working even thought he is old enough to retire.

3，尽全力去奋斗， 不管是否喜欢。

Try your best to fight, whether you enjoy it or not.

4，无论是你做还是他做， 这个工作今天都得做完。

Whether you or he do it, the work must be finished today.

07. 方式状语从句

方式状语从句

方式状语从句表示动作的意思， 意思是“就像. . . . .一样， 以 . . . . .  . 样的方式 ” ， 引导词有 as,  as if , as though, the way . 

When in Rome, do as the Romans do .

入乡随俗。

The space shuttle, as we know it, is still imperfect.

航天飞机就像我们知道的一样仍然不完美。

He acted as if he had never lived in England before.

他的举动就好像他从未在英国生活过一样。

To achieve great things we must live as though we were never going to die .

做大事就要有永生的气概。

You should do it the way you were taught.

按照教你的那样去做。

美式英语可用 like 来代替 as if ，as though，但是书面语中少用。

He studies English very hard , like he did Chinese some years ago .

他非常用功地学英语， 就像多年前学中文一样。

造句练习30

1，你应该像规划假期一样规划你的退休生活。

You should plan your retirement as you plan your vacation.

2， 请照我这样，读这个单词。

Please pronounce the word the way I do .